A Content Analysis of Internet Sites Essay Example for Free

A Content Analysis of Internet Sites Essay This study is an analysis of pornography of a violent nature on the internet. There were found to be varied definitions of pornography such as â€Å"sexually explicit material† and â€Å"material that combines sex and or exposure of genitals with abuse or degradation that appears to endorse, condone or encourage such behavior. † The purpose of this study is to explore the harmful effects of pornography on relationships between males and females and not so much the actual content of the sites. There was also a review of earlier research that was done. Prior analysis also included different mediums such as movies and printed magazines. The research design was specific to internet websites that marketed their sites specifically promoting violence and sex. The research included thirty-one such websites. The methods of research were various search engines, links on websites that provided links to other sites and pay for view sites through explicit advertising. Websites were compared by overall content and strong explicit images and text. The findings discovered repetitive themes and images as well as invitations to access interactive websites or programs. Research also found that the setting, type of force, instruments used, number of victims and perpetrators and race were clearly displayed. More details of the victims were revealed while little was revealed about the perpetrators. An Analysis of Intercollegiate Media Guide Cover Photographs The cover photographs marketed a pre-conceived definition of male and female athletes. The focus of this analysis was to determine how men and women athletes are portrayed on and off court based on the cover photographs. The findings were determined by asking the following questions. Was the photograph taken on or off court? Was the athlete in uniform and were they posed? Did the photograph reveal athleticism? Was there sexual suggestion of either femininity or masculinity? It found that media perpetuates inequalities between male and female athletes and influences the viewpoint of the public. Media also tends to promote the muscularity and superiority of men. The physical appearance and femininity of female athletes takes precedence over athletic abilities and performance. Getting Your Body Back This analysis was to determine how the magazine portrayed pregnancy and motherhood relative to fitness. Pregnant women have a great deal of anxiety and corporations take advantage of that and use it to market the importance of fitness before, during and after pregnancy. Fitness is portrayed as a form of empowerment and control in a woman’s life and being out of shape depicts excessiveness, lack of self-control and devalues the femininity of women even during pregnancy. It also portrays fit women as having the capacity to â€Å"do it all. † Works Cited Gill, Jugdeep Kaur. Tips on Summary Writing. 12 October 2008. The Star Online. 16 October 2008   http://www.thestar.com

Suicide Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suicide amongst young people has increased greatly in the past 25 years in the US( young men and women 15-24) Women and suicide has increased the least with 250 percent, men has soared to over 300 percent. The US is now ranked the highest in the world for suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Until recently suicide amongst the young men and women accounted for less than 5 percent of suicide. It has increased with the increase in population of youth. Young men 15-24 now account for more than 20 percent of the male suicides. Young women are responsible for 14 percent of women suicides. So approximately 7,000 women commit suicide a year and males are up to 20,000 suicides, yearly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though youth suicides get the most attention, people believe suicide amongst the older people does not happen. But, reality check, it does. A considerable amount of suicides are done by older people seeking to end a life of pain. people aged 50 and older make up almost 39 percent of the yearly suicide count. Even though people aged 50 and over only account for 26 percent of the US population.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  White males are the highest to date. They account for 10 percent of the population, but manage to account for almost 28 percent of the yearly deaths by suicide. For some strange reason, white males are higher on the suicide charts than any other race and sex. They are more open to this, even though they don’t ...

Importance Of High School Sports

?Many people do not realize the importance of high school sports; let me tell a story. There were two completely different kids that went to the same high school. One of them participated in high school sports from Fall to Spring. This kid kept up with his grades and kept busy with sports and homework. The other kid did not participate in any kind of school sports. The kid who didn’t play any sports went home after school every day, so instead of playing sports or doing homework in the free time available, he had to find something else to keep busy. Having all this free time led trouble.There is no need to go into more depth in the story; the point is that people do not realize that high school sports are a crucial part of being a good student and becoming a successful adult. â€Å"The evidence supporting sports participation for young people is overwhelming†¦ It has the power to combat everything from racism to low self-image, to the high-school drop-out rate† (Ca stle). One of the many benefits of playing high school athletics is that the Student has to sign a code of conduct that will keep the student athlete responsible for his or her actions.â€Å"1) Use or possession of tobacco products. 2) Being present more than 5 minutes at a function where alcohol and/or drugs are being consumed/used or have been consumed or used. 3) Use or possession of intoxicating beverages and illegal drugs or drug paraphernalia. 4) Committing unlawful acts that have or could have resulted in a misdemeanor or higher penalty. 5) Serious and/or repeated violation of school rules. 6) Serious and/or repeated unsportsmanlike conduct. † This is a list of the rules that must be strictly followed in order to participate in a sports team at Nooksack Valley High School.If any of these rules are broken during season the athlete is penalized by being ineligible to play for 60% of the season. If the code is violated during the off-season, the penalty is disqualificatio n for 40% of the season. Athletes that take their sport seriously, and hope to move on to a collegiate level know that missing 40% to 60% percent of a season will hurt their chances of being scouted substantially. The risk taken by breaking the athletic code is not worth losing a chance of a scholarship to continue playing a sport a student loves at a competitive level.The Sumner School District has a great way of explaining the code of conduct to the community. â€Å"This activities code is designed to establish a reasonable, high standard for participants in co-curricular activities that empower our participants to make appropriate decisions, rather than to be punitive and deny access to such activities. Co-curricular activities are a privilege and completely voluntary. Along with this privilege comes the expectation of a higher standard of behavior and conduct.Participants in these activities are considered to be in positions of leadership representing themselves, their families , the team, school, district and community† (Sumner Athletics). This brief blurb from the Sumner Athletics Code of Conduct represents the higher standard athletes, actors, singers, dancers, and all participants of extracurricular activities are held to. Being involved in sports does not only reflect the athlete, but is a representation of the entire student body and staff members.The responsibility of athletes to uphold this good reputation is one of the main reasons student athletes are proven to perform better in school, and stay out of trouble. Being a student athlete in high school does not only keep the student responsible, it also provides physical activity for students who have been sitting in the classroom all day. Not only does physical activity contribute to a healthy body weight and prevention of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, but also shows astounding benefits in academic performance and lowering depression.Penny McCullagh, a psychologist, found in her research that exercise has the ability to work like an anti-depressant. McCullagh states, â€Å"The most common treatments for depression, for example, are psychotherapy or medication. Psychologists have found that exercise is a third successful alternative† (McCullagh). The article states the best results to help depression comes when a combination of exercise and psychotherapy happens together. The physical exercise from sports also helps brain function.â€Å"According to a study done by the Department of Exercise Science at the University of Georgia, even briefly exercising for 20 minutes facilitates information processing and memory functions† (Physical Exercise for Brain Health). Just the exercise alone from sports is already helping with depression, brain functions, or just staying fit and in shape. There are many studies with evidence to support the benefit exercise has in the classroom. â€Å"Researchers at Saginaw Valley State University in Michigan tracked the grade s and exercise habits of 266 undergraduates.It was found that students who regularly participate in vigorous physical activity had higher G. P. A. ’s† (Parker-Pope). Regular exercise has a tremendous effect on the brain, especially in the high school years when it is still developing. Along with these benefits, being part of a sports team influences attitudes on and off the court or field. Student athletes are proven to have a stronger sense of leadership, motivation, and work ethic than their peers who do not participate in after school activities. Belonging to a team or club creates a drive in students to succeed in all aspects of life.Many Americans today are suffering from being obese or overweight. According to the American Heart Association, â€Å"23. 9 million children ages 2 to 19 are overweight or obese; 33. 0% of boys and 30. 4% of girls† (Overweight & Obesity – 2013 Statistical Fact Sheet). That means almost two thirds of all the Americans are a t an unhealthy weight. According to Centers for Disease Control, obesity brings in $147 billion in healthcare costs per year. There are many different causes for obesity such as stress, inactivity, and depression.There is one simple solution to decrease the amount of obese adults and children in America. Playing sports helps with all three of the problems. Habits are formed at a young age, so if sports are a part of a lifestyle as a young child, they will most likely be a part of their future. When some people think about exercise, they instantly think boring, tedious, painful workouts in an over packed gym. What most people don’t know is that exercise can be fun! All it takes is the motivation to get off the couch. Exercising with others increases the chance that you will stick with it.Sports teams are the ultimate example of this. When a support system is built in, with the drive to not let your teammates down, the motivation to be physically fit comes naturally. People arg ue that playing sports leaves no time for homework. However, there is a system at Nooksack Valley High School called study table. Study table is an hour long class where any missing homework can be complete before school. This system was made to give extra help to kids that are failing classes while playing sports. Nooksack Valley’s athletic director, Tom Harmon, checks the grades of each student athlete every Sunday.If any students are failing a class a study table is assigned each morning for the entire week. If the student is failing more than one class then they are not allowed to participate in any games or tournaments held that week. The phrase â€Å"student before athlete† is commonly used among coaches and staff members. Being a successful student is far more important than making touchdowns or scoring goals. Student first, athlete second is the only way to ensure students are prepared for higher education or entering the work force after graduation.Some people may argue that high school sports need to be cut due to lack of funding. Personally, I think without the opportunity to participate in sports students will lack the development of very important life skills. From experience, players can say that being a member of a high school sports team has taught them how to work hard for what they want, how to step up and be a leader, and how to communicate with others and be a team player. These skills and personality traits are all things that future employers are looking for when making hiring decisions.Managers know that people who have grown up being involved in sports teams and clubs are trained to work well with others, and have a strong work ethic. Marty Brounstein lists ten qualities of an effective team player as the ability to demonstrate reliability, communicate constructively, listen actively, function as an active participant, share openly and willingly, exhibit flexibility, show commitment, work as a problem solver, and, finally, treat others with respect and support. â€Å"Team players with commitment look beyond their own piece of the work and care about the team's overall work.In the end, their commitment is about winning — not in the sports sense of beating your opponent but about seeing the team succeed and knowing they have contributed to this success. Winning as a team is one of the great motivators of employee performance. Good team players have and show this motivation† (Brounstein). In conclusion, being actively involved in high school sports shows success on and off the court or field as well as in future career choices. Participation in sports teams is not only beneficial while in high school but in all stages of life.Skills learned from coaches and teammates can be applied in meeting new friends in college, at job interviews, and in many other instances. â€Å"We have data indicating sports and other extracurricular activities do better than academic classes in teaching leadershi p, teamwork, time management and other skills crucial for success in the workplace† (Mathews). While some may say that high school athletics need to be cut because the money spent on them could be put to better use, the evidence of many studies proves this statement to be false.Without the opportunity to be a part of a team or club, students lose out on a great learning experience that acts as a foundation for the rest of their lives. The ability to manage being a successful student as well as a good athlete takes a special skill that is developed during the high school years. There needs to be a balance between academic and athletic commitment. A student’s high school career cannot only be based on one or the other. It needs a combination of the two in order for the student to reach full potential.Michael Jordan is one of the most inspiring athletes to kids around the world. He often stems his success back to his experiences with high school sports. I believe it is sto ries like his that demonstrate the importance of being involved in sports teams, and the life lessons that are learned throughout the experience. A famous quote from Jordan states, â€Å"I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. † Importance of High School Sports Many people do not realize the importance of high school sports; let me tell a story. There were two completely different kids that went to the same high school. One of them participated in high school sports from Fall to Spring. This kid kept up with his grades and kept busy with sports and homework. The other kid did not participate in any kind of school sports. The kid who didn’t play any sports went home after school every day, so instead of playing sports or doing homework in the free time available, he had to find something else to keep busy. Having all this free time led trouble.There is no need to go into more depth in the story; the point is that people do not realize that high school sports are a crucial part of being a good student and becoming a successful adult. â€Å"The evidence supporting sports participation for young people is overwhelming†¦ It has the power to combat everything from racism to low self-image, to the high-school drop-out rate† (Cas tle). One of the many benefits of playing high school athletics is that the Student has to sign a code of conduct that will keep the student athlete responsible for his or her actions.â€Å"1)Use or possession of tobacco products. 2) Being present more than 5 minutes at a function where alcohol and/or drugs are being consumed/used or have been consumed or used. 3) Use or possession of intoxicating beverages and illegal drugs or drug paraphernalia. 4) Committing unlawful acts that have or could have resulted in a misdemeanor or higher penalty. 5) Serious and/or repeated violation of school rules. 6) Serious and/or repeated unsportsmanlike conduct. † This is a list of the rules that must be strictly followed in order to participate in a sports team at Nooksack Valley High School.If any of these rules are broken during season the athlete is penalized by being ineligible to play for 60% of the season. If the code is violated during the off-season, the penalty is disqualification for 40% of the season. Athletes that take their sport seriously, and hope to move on to a collegiate level know that missing 40% to 60% percent of a season will hurt their chances of being scouted substantially. The risk taken by breaking the athletic code is not worth losing a chance of a scholarship to continue playing a sport a student loves at a competitive level.The Sumner School District has a great way of explaining the code of conduct to the community. â€Å"This activities code is designed to establish a reasonable, high standard for participants in co-curricular activities that empower our participants to make appropriate decisions, rather than to be punitive and deny access to such activities. Co-curricular activities are a privilege and completely voluntary. Along with this privilege comes the expectation of a higher standard of behavior and conduct.Participants in these activities are considered to be in positions of leadership representing themselves, their families, the team, school, district and community† (Sumner Athletics). This brief blurb from the Sumner Athletics Code of Conduct represents the higher standard athletes, actors, singers, dancers, and all participants of extracurricular activities are held to. Being involved in sports does not only reflect the athlete, but is a representation of the entire student body and staff members.The responsibility of athletes to uphold this good reputation is one of the main reasons student athletes are proven to perform better in school, and stay out of trouble. Being a student athlete in high school does not only keep the student responsible, it also provides physical activity for students who have been sitting in the classroom all day. Not only does physical activity contribute to a healthy body weight and prevention of heart disease and type 2 diabetes, but also shows astounding benefits in academic performance and lowering depression.Penny McCullagh, a psychologist, found in her research t hat exercise has the ability to work like an anti-depressant. McCullagh states, â€Å"The most common treatments for depression, for example, are psychotherapy or medication. Psychologists have found that exercise is a third successful alternative† (McCullagh). The article states the best results to help depression comes when a combination of exercise and psychotherapy happens together. The physical exercise from sports also helps brain function.â€Å"According to a study done by the Department of Exercise Science at the University of Georgia, even briefly exercising for 20 minutes facilitates information processing and memory functions† (Physical Exercise for Brain Health). Just the exercise alone from sports is already helping with depression, brain functions, or just staying fit and in shape. There are many studies with evidence to support the benefit exercise has in the classroom. â€Å"Researchers at Saginaw Valley State University in Michigan tracked the grades and exercise habits of 266 undergraduates.It was found that students who regularly participate in vigorous physical activity had higher G. P. A. ’s† (Parker-Pope). Regular exercise has a tremendous effect on the brain, especially in the high school years when it is still developing. Along with these benefits, being part of a sports team influences attitudes on and off the court or field. Student athletes are proven to have a stronger sense of leadership, motivation, and work ethic than their peers who do not participate in after school activities. Belonging to a team or club creates a drive in students to succeed in all aspects of life.Many Americans today are suffering from being obese or overweight. According to the American Heart Association, â€Å"23. 9 million children ages 2 to 19 are overweight or obese; 33. 0% of boys and 30. 4% of girls† (Overweight & Obesity – 2013 Statistical Fact Sheet). That means almost two thirds of all the Americans are at an unhealthy weight. According to Centers for Disease Control, obesity brings in $147 billion in healthcare costs per year. There are many different causes for obesity such as stress, inactivity, and depression.There is one simple solution to decrease the amount of obese adults and children in America. Playing sports helps with all three of the problems. Habits are formed at a young age, so if sports are a part of a lifestyle as a young child, they will most likely be a part of their future. When some people think about exercise, they instantly think boring, tedious, painful workouts in an over packed gym. What most people don’t know is that exercise can be fun! All it takes is the motivation to get off the couch. Exercising with others increases the chance that you will stick with it.Sports teams are the ultimate example of this. When a support system is built in, with the drive to not let your teammates down, the motivation to be physically fit comes naturally. People argue that playing sports leaves no time for homework. However, there is a system at Nooksack Valley High School called study table. Study table is an hour long class where any missing homework can be complete before school. This system was made to give extra help to kids that are failing classes while playing sports. Nooksack Valley’s athletic director, Tom Harmon, checks the grades of each student athlete every Sunday.If any students are failing a class a study table is assigned each morning for the entire week. If the student is failing more than one class then they are not allowed to participate in any games or tournaments held that week. The phrase â€Å"student before athlete† is commonly used among coaches and staff members. Being a successful student is far more important than making touchdowns or scoring goals. Student first, athlete second is the only way to ensure students are prepared for higher education or entering the work force after graduation.Some people m ay argue that high school sports need to be cut due to lack of funding. Personally, I think without the opportunity to participate in sports students will lack the development of very important life skills. From experience, players can say that being a member of a high school sports team has taught them how to work hard for what they want, how to step up and be a leader, and how to communicate with others and be a team player. These skills and personality traits are all things that future employers are looking for when making hiring decisions.Managers know that people who have grown up being involved in sports teams and clubs are trained to work well with others, and have a strong work ethic. Marty Brounstein lists ten qualities of an effective team player as the ability to demonstrate reliability, communicate constructively, listen actively, function as an active participant, share openly and willingly, exhibit flexibility, show commitment, work as a problem solver, and, finally, t reat others with respect and support. â€Å"Team players with commitment look beyond their own piece of the work and care about the team's overall work.In the end, their commitment is about winning — not in the sports sense of beating your opponent but about seeing the team succeed and knowing they have contributed to this success. Winning as a team is one of the great motivators of employee performance. Good team players have and show this motivation† (Brounstein). In conclusion, being actively involved in high school sports shows success on and off the court or field as well as in future career choices. Participation in sports teams is not only beneficial while in high school but in all stages of life.Skills learned from coaches and teammates can be applied in meeting new friends in college, at job interviews, and in many other instances. â€Å"We have data indicating sports and other extracurricular activities do better than academic classes in teaching leadership, teamwork, time management and other skills crucial for success in the workplace† (Mathews). While some may say that high school athletics need to be cut because the money spent on them could be put to better use, the evidence of many studies proves this statement to be false.Without the opportunity to be a part of a team or club, students lose out on a great learning experience that acts as a foundation for the rest of their lives. The ability to manage being a successful student as well as a good athlete takes a special skill that is developed during the high school years. There needs to be a balance between academic and athletic commitment. A student’s high school career cannot only be based on one or the other. It needs a combination of the two in order for the student to reach full potential.Michael Jordan is one of the most inspiring athletes to kids around the world. He often stems his success back to his experiences with high school sports. I believe it is stori es like his that demonstrate the importance of being involved in sports teams, and the life lessons that are learned throughout the experience. A famous quote from Jordan states, â€Å"I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed. †

What Is Attention Deficit Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2103 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: ADHD essay Did you like this example? Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder that involves a pattern of inattention, impulsiveness, or hyperactivity. These traits may prevent those affected from functioning or developing properly throughout life. Individuals with ADHD often just have one of these traits though it is possible to have more than one. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Is Attention Deficit Disorder?" essay for you Create order In the younger population the most common symptom is hyperactivity including behaviors like difficulty concentrating and being unfocused. Inattention symptoms include problems with finishing assignments, getting distracted easily, or bad time management skills. Impulsiveness and hyperactivity symptoms include fidgeting, constantly talking, being impatient, or interrupting in certain situations. There is no single test for diagnosis of this disorder though the patient must have a chronic history of inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsiveness. The symptoms must interfere with the patients quality of life and be behind with development (NIH, 2016). ADHD can be complicated and difficult to assess because there is no real definition of this disorder due to many symptoms that can overlap with other mental disorders. These symptoms including inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, poor behavioral control, learning difficulties, anxiety, and disrupted social interactions that can also be symptoms of mood disorders, learning disorders, or even conditions such as allergies, stress, or poor diet (Jackson, 2003). In a journal article published by Burcham DeMers (1995) researchers go into detail about the information needed in order to complete a comprehensive assessment of ADHD which includes information from multiple sources, the extent of the ADHD symptoms that are present, the extent of the symptoms that can be related to another mood or learning disorder, and the extent that these characteristics are interfering in the childs overall functioning. Comprehensive assessment is not done with a specific test for ADHD but rather with questionnaires, screenings or tasks to measure and distractibility. There is an issue with the assessment of ADHD because it generally occurs in the offices of pediatricians and general family practitioners, is not standardized, and can lead to misdiagnoses including over diagnosis and under-diagnosis (Jackson, 2003; Carey, 1999). Typically these symptoms are seen as early as the age of 3 and continue into adulthood. This mental disorder is one of the most common affecting 8.4 percent of children and 2.5 percent of adults in the United States. It is common for teachers and school staff to provide parents and medical professionals with information to help assess and even assist with behavior and learning problems. Students who have significant symptoms of ADHD that impairs their learning may qualify for special education which can include person-centered services like study skills instruction, changes to the classroom structure, alternative teaching techniques or a modified curriculum. In adults with ADHD, many do not realize they have the disorder and are treated with medication, psychotherapy, and helpful strategies like behavior management (APA, 2017). Although there are many treatments for ADHD, none of them are entirely satisfactory and people are still exploring new methods and looking for ways to help be tter manage this disorder. The ability of music and its power to improve sensory integration as an element of music therapy is important in the treatment of individuals with ADHD. Music therapy can be primary or multidisciplinary and ranges between different individuals. The type of music including low-tempo and high-tempo songs also plays a role by preference. This treatment may be case-specific for those with ADHD and can be described depending upon the setting, the referral source, and the needs of the child. Different types of music therapy methods including music and movement, instrumental improvisation, musical play, and group singing can be combined in the treatment of ADHD. Previous studies suggests several elements of music that can help in the treatment of ADHD including the element of movement and its effect on dual hemispheric activation inside the brain, ability of music to increase memory functions and auditory perception for improved learning, and the ability of specific sounds or tones to affect the production of brain waves (Jackson, 2003). Music rhythm therapy methods often address multiple types of goals, and still include other forms of treatment, with a majority receiving medication. Researchers have found music to improve audit ory perception and language skills in learning disabled children and have taken an interest in the effects of music and sound on neurological functioning. Since studies have found that music has an impact upon brain function, attention, activity level, social behavior, and learning, there is good reason to support further investigation into the different ways that music might be used to effectively treat children with ADHD. Though in the past there is little research within music therapy about its treatment on ADHD, studies on the effectiveness of this treatment have been on the rise. A random sample of 500 music therapists surveyed through questionnaires about the treatment of early elementary school children with ADHD and many provided additional commentary about the effectiveness of music therapy. Music therapists included that this treatment encourages on-task behavior, increases attention span, positive behaviors, and self-esteem, decreases frustration and resistance, contributes to improved sensory integration, and is especially effective with medication. Participants added that music therapy is the one group they sit through and stay focused, provides structure that helps children get organized, and provides opportunity for energy release within a structure mentioning that consistency and structure are key elements (Jackson, 2003). Imaging studies have shown key parts of the brain that are involv ed when processing musical rhythm including activation in the auditory, frontal, parietal and motor regions. Other parts of the brain that play a role in sensory-motor integration include the supplementary motor area, basal ganglia and cerebellum (Slater Tate, 2018). An important observation that explains how unique it is for humans to process musical rhythm can specifically be seen in nonhuman vocal learning species including parrots or songbirds. The sensory-motor coupling that is needed for synchronization of movement to music in these species is a necessary basis for learning and producing complex communication signals (Patel and Iversen, 2014). Evidence that these systems play a large role in temporal processing and cognition is due to the activation of motor areas during rhythm perception. Music is so influential for healing and stimulating emotions that specific populations like the Greeks at Asclepius would place an ill individual in the center of the amphitheater and used specific voices to heal that person (Jausovec et al., 2006). Music has also been found to help in the learning of foreign languages, reading and mathematics, retention of terminology, and creative ability (Lozanov, 1978; Panksepp, 1998; Jausovec, 1994; Adaman and Blaney , 1995). These combinations of sound are proposed to be a prelanguage that is available early in life and act as an exercise for activating and exciting the flow of cortical firing patterns responsible for higher brain functions. The firing patterns enhance the cortexs ability to accomplish pattern development and is explained through a concept called the Mozart effect. The effect is defined by an enhancement of performance or change in neurophysiological activity associated with listening to Mozarts music and can be found in the improved performance on spatial IQ tests (Jausovec et al., 2006; Rauscher et al., 1993 1995). This study led by Rauscher included a control group of college students that had spent 10 minutes listening to Mozart and ended scoring 8-9 points higher than the students who had listened to a relaxation tape or listened to nothing. The explanations and research have been criticized because there was no prior evidence of cross-modal priming between unrelated stimuli. Though this hypothesis is supported by a study done by Jausovec and Habe (2005) in which they show that Mozarts music had a beneficial influence on performance of spatial rotation tasks and a slightly negative influence on the performance of numerical tasks. The etiology of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is still being researched due to no direct cause. However, there are some important factors that affect the risk of developing ADHD including genetics, prenatal care/environment, and environmental exposure to toxins. This disorder is heritable meaning that it can be passed down to offspring. Unhealthy prenatal behaviors including smoking, alcohol consumption, or drug use can affect the risk of developing ADHD. Environmental factors include being exposed to toxins during pregnancy or high levels of lead (NIH, 2016). Though there is insufficient evidence, an article by Dr. Emma Sciberras describes how several studies have found that prematurity, low birth weight, and stress during pregnancy are also associated with ADHD development in offspring (Sciberras, 2017). Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is a chronic condition that is not yet curable and most individuals affected are prescribed stimulant or non-stimulant medicat ions. Stimulants work to increase the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine and norepinephrine (NIH, 2016). Most individuals with ADHD find that medications for this disorder improve their quality of life by being able to focus on daily tasks. To find the right medication a patient might have to try several different ones. Stimulants can also play a role with increasing anxiety, which is a problem for young adults with ADHD that were found to have significant psychiatric comorbidities (Hauck, 2017). Researchers Volkmar, Hoder, and Cohen (1985) analyzed the inappropriate use of stimulant therapy including the lack of careful consideration of the risks associated with stimulant medications, the lack of careful comprehensive assessment, and poor monitoring of patient response to medication. Many of these studies suggest that medication treatment is not the final answer for treating individuals with ADHD (Jackson, 2003). Most of these young adults are also diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression or another type of psychological condition. Having another type of psychological condition can lead to more medications like antidepressants in addition to the stimulants or other treatment used for ADHD. Psychotherapy is another form of treatment for this disorder and that includes behavioral therapy in which the patient learns how to control certain behaviors and think with a clear mind. Another type of treatment is cognitive behavioral therapy that patients can use to learn about mindful ness or meditation (NIH, 2016). Behavioral therapy is a type of treatment for ADHD that appears often in literature and science journals even though many studies have shown that these interventions and self-management strategies have been largely ineffective with the ADHD population (Abikoff, 1985). Other ways to improve the organization and well-being of an individual with ADHD is keeping a routine, giving positive reinforcement to positive behavior, and using organizers like a homework folder (CDC, 2016). Case Study Patient X is identified as a 24-year-old male who has been having difficulty in school due to severe difficulty concentrating, constantly losing things, and being easily distracted. Medical history includes drug use of the mother of Patient X while pregnant and an initial presentation of these symptoms as a child. Environmental risks include early life exposure to toxins like lead in running water while living in an urban/city area. There was a concern of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder at the age of six. However, treatment was decided to be behavioral therapy until the age of 12 when the hyperactive behavior was controlled. Due to the severity of these symptoms in adulthood, Patient X reached out to professionals and was tested for more symptoms of ADHD. This started with a questionnaire and compressive assessment that is compared to the criteria for ADHD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Patient X engaged in tasks including intellectual screenings, and measures of sustained attention and distractibility. Attention and distractibility are measured with continuous performance tests, word memory tasks, and puzzles. Patient X was prescribed a stimulant by a psychiatrist to control focus and functioning. After a couple weeks on the stimulant Patient X started to feel more in control and concentration improved significantly. Patient X continued to explore different methods of treatment and though music therapy was not an initial option when he was younger, Patient X explains how the effects music has benefited his well-being and treatment of ADHD. Patient X described his experience with this disorder as having several thoughts going at once and not being able to grasp any and constantly needing something to do. Music helps me zone-in on the tasks I have at hand. I cant just do this with any pop culture music, it has to be continuous and have a steady beat. I find this with lo-fi slow tempo music and if I want some thing more energetic Ill listen to electronic dance music that has a faster pace or high tempo. says Patient X. Lo-Fi music is also known as Low Fidelity music in which songs are lower quality of sound recordings than the regular modern audio that would be played on the radio. Electronic dance music ranges within different sub-genres and some are specifically known to have a high tempo; though it is known to be as continuous and steady as low tempo music.